Transformational processes are for instance a caterpillar turning into a butterfly. Or sunlight on a leaf, creating photosynthesis and sugars. With every season, nature transforms. With every day and night. If we would use human technology we would cut the leaves off the tree in autumn and glue them back on in spring. That's what we in biomimicry mean by take-make-break-waste. That's good we do human technology and production now.
Systems are all the parts together. Your body is a living systems with many connections between organs, heart skin, mind, etc. The planet as a whole is a system. A human system is also an economy. Or a society. Or a city. That's what we can design as humans. Make the rules of how it all moves together.